From the Middle Ages, Whitby had significant herring and whaling fleets, and was where Captain Cook learned seamanship. He first explored the southern ocean in HMS Endeavour, built in Whitby.
Alum was mined locally, and Whitby jet jewellery was fashionable during the 19th century.
Tourism started in Whitby during the Georgian period and developed with the arrival of the railway in 1839. The abbey ruin at the top of the East Cliff is the town's oldest and most prominent landmark. Other significant features include the swing bridge, which crosses the River Esk and the harbour sheltered by grade II listed east and west piers. There are statues of Captain Cook and William Scoresby, and a whalebone arch on the West Cliff. Whitby featured in literary works including Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.
Whitby is 47 miles (76 km) from York and 22 miles (35 km) from Middlesbrough. Whitby was known in the Anglo-Saxon period as Streoneshalh, meaning "Streon's nook of land". The modern name, which first appears in the Domesday Book, means "Hvíta's farmstead", from Old Norse Hvítabýr.A monastery was founded at Streoneshalh in 657 AD by King Oswiu or Oswy of Northumbria, as an act of thanksgiving, after defeating Penda, the pagan king of Mercia. At its foundation, the abbey was an Anglo-Saxon "double monastery" for men and women. Its first abbess, the royal princess Hild, was later venerated as a saint. The abbey became a centre of learning, and here Cædmon the cowherd was "miraculously" transformed into an inspired poet whose poetry is an example of Anglo-Saxon literature. The abbey became the leading royal nunnery of the kingdom of Deira, and the burial-place of its royal family. The Synod of Whitby, in 664, established the Roman date of Easter in Northumbria at the expense of the Celtic one.
The monastery was destroyed between 867 and 870 in a series of raids by Vikings from Denmark under their leaders Ingwar and Ubba. Its site remained desolate for more than 200 years until after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. After the Conquest, the area was granted to William de Percy who, in 1078 donated land to found a Benedictine monastery dedicated to St Peter and St Hilda. William de Percy's gift included land for the monastery, the town and port of Whitby and St Mary's Church and dependent chapels at Fyling, Hawsker, Sneaton, Ugglebarnby, Dunsley, and Aislaby, five mills including Ruswarp, Hackness with two mills and two churches.
When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086, Whitby was recorded being partially waste and a small settlement lying within the Langbaurgh Wapentake of Yorkshire. Further details reveal the state of Whitby's economic and agricultural decline (when compared with its pre-Conquest state under Earl Siward) which were due to the depredations of William the Conqueror's army during the Harrying of the North in 1069–70.
In about 1128 Henry I granted the abbey burgage in Whitby and permission to hold a fair at the feast of St Hilda on 25 August. A second fair was held close to St Hilda's winter feast at Martinmas. Market rights were granted to the abbey and descended with the liberty. Whitby Abbey surrendered in December 1539 when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries. By 1540 the town had between 20 and 30 houses and a population of about 200. The burgesses, who had little independence under the abbey, tried to obtain self-government after the dissolution of the monasteries. The king ordered Letters Patent to be drawn up granting their requests, but it was not implemented. In 1550 the Liberty of Whitby Strand, except for Hackness, was granted to the Earl of Warwick who in 1551 conveyed it to Sir John York and his wife Anne who sold the lease to the Cholmleys. In the reign of Elizabeth I, Whitby was a small fishing port. In 1635 the owners of the liberty governed the port and town where 24 burgesses had the privilege of buying and selling goods brought in by sea. Burgage tenure continued until the Whitby (Yorkshire) Improvement Act 1837 (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. x) entrusted government of the town to a board of improvement commissioners, elected by the ratepayers.At the end of the 16th century Thomas Chaloner visited alum works in the Papal States, where he observed that the rock being processed was similar to that under his Guisborough estate. At that time alum was important for medicinal uses, in curing leather and for fixing dyed cloths and the Papal States and Spain maintained monopolies on its production and sale. Chaloner secretly brought workmen to develop the industry in Yorkshire, and alum was produced near Sandsend Ness 3 miles (5 km) from Whitby in the reign of James I. Once the industry was established, imports were banned and although the methods in its production were laborious, England became self-sufficient. Whitby grew significantly as a port as a result of the alum trade and by importing coal from the Durham coalfield to process it.
Whitby grew in size and wealth, extending its activities to include shipbuilding using local oak timber. In 1790–91 Whitby built 11,754 tons of shipping, making it the third largest shipbuilder in England, after London and Newcastle. Taxes on imports entering the port raised money to improve and extend the town's twin piers, improving the harbour and permitting further increases in trade. In 1753 the first whaling ship set sail to Greenland and by 1795 Whitby had become a major whaling port. The most successful year was 1814 when eight ships caught 172 whales, and the whaler, the Resolution's catch produced 230 tons of oil. The carcases yielded 42 tons of whale bone used for 'stays' which were used in the corsetry trade until changes in fashion made them redundant. Blubber was boiled to produce oil for use in lamps in four oil houses on the harbourside. Oil was used for street lighting until the spread of gas lighting reduced demand and the Whitby Whale Oil and Gas Company changed into the Whitby Coal and Gas Company. As the market for whale products fell, catches became too small to be economic and by 1831 only one whaling ship, the Phoenix, remained. Whitby benefited from trade between the Newcastle coalfield and London, both by shipbuilding and supplying transport. In his youth the explorer James Cook learned his trade on colliers, shipping coal from the port. HMS Endeavour, the ship commanded by Cook on his voyage to Australia and New Zealand, was built in Whitby in 1764 by Tomas Fishburn as a coal carrier named Earl of Pembroke. She was bought by the Royal Navy 1768, refitted and renamed.Whitby developed as a spa town in Georgian times when three chalybeate springs were in demand for their medicinal and tonic qualities. Visitors were attracted to the town leading to the building of "lodging-houses" and hotels, particularly on the West Cliff. In 1839, the Whitby and Pickering Railway connecting Whitby to Pickering and eventually to York was built, and played a part in the town's development as a tourism destination. George Hudson, who promoted the link to York, was responsible for the development of the Royal Crescent which was partly completed. For 12 years from 1847, Robert Stephenson, son of George Stephenson, engineer to the Whitby and Pickering Railway, was the Conservative MP for the town promoted by Hudson as a fellow protectionist. The black mineraloid jet, the compressed remains of ancestors of the monkey-puzzle tree, is found in the cliffs and on the moors and has been used since the Bronze Age to make beads. The Romans are known to have mined it in the area. In Victorian times jet was brought to Whitby by pack pony to be made into decorative items. It was at the peak of its popularity in the mid-19th century when it was favoured for mourning jewellery by Queen Victoria after the death of Prince Albert. The advent of iron ships in the late 19th century and the development of port facilities on the River Tees led to the decline of smaller Yorkshire harbours. The Monks-haven launched in 1871 was the last wooden ship built in Whitby, and a year later the harbour was silted up.
This large pub is operated by Hartlepool based Cameron's Brewery. Behind the brick and whitewash wall, you will find an open plan interior. The bar is directly opposite the entrance, with traditional furniture located throughout. There is a slightly raised area to one side. Outside, there is seating to the front as well as a staircase leading up to a roof terrace. The decor includes much nautical memorabilia alongside photos of the town. The unseasonably warm weather, coupled with the fact that it was a Saturday, meant that the vast majority of beer gardens were very busy during our stay. On the plus side, this quite often meant that there was plenty of seating inside for us to take advantage of. Upon entering, we made our way to the bar, which is blessed with 6 handpulls, although just the 3 were in use at the time. Unsurprisingly for a Cameron's house, their beers are prominent. The choices here were Cameron's Strongarm and Road Crew as well as Kirkstall Three Swords. It's not often that I get the chance to give Strongarm a go. A half of this and a Diet Coke for Amy came to £6.20, and we headed over to the slightly raised area to better peruse our surroundings. It was clear, based on how busy this pub already was, that Whitby was going to be very busy over the course of our time there. We would find out quite how busy in due course. The Pier was a welcome respite from the heat and the sun, and clearly a lot of other people had had the same idea. Luckily, we were able to find a table and, at one point, were almost presented with food that was actually meant for an older couple sat nearby. As first stops go, this hadn't been too bad. Strongarm (4%) is Cameron's flagship beer. It's a ruby ale with a distinctive creaminess in the head. There is a good balance between the hops and malt. It's a good beer on which to begin the day but without being outstanding. I feel that sums up this place overall. Considering that there were a lot of staff on shift, and the majority of the clientele were outside, the table that we sat at, and indeed some others nearby, were in need of a wipe. Still, despite the rather lacklustre approach to cleanliness, The Pier isn't too bad in the grand scheme of things.
What was formerly a china and glassware shop that was once owned by the owner of the Whitby Gazette, the Arch & Abbey is a Good Beer Guide 2025 listed micropub, now in its 6th year of operation. The current licensees were made jobless and homeless by the PubCo that they previously worked for and were able to raise money through Crowdfunding to open their own premises. The pub occupies a street that also features Sandringham House, and a former ladies' dress shop, once known as Atkinson's. Inside, the layout is one of a single L-shaped room. The bar occupies space opposite the door with seating scattered throughout. This consists of low tables and chairs, with some stools thrown in for good measure. Adjacent to the bar are shelves consisting of canned and bottled beers, alongside gift sets of local spirits. The decor is minimalist and contemporary with bare wood floors, subtle lighting and light blue walls. The toilets are located at one end of the bar. An original Victorian clock is mounted on the wall outside. The Arch & Abbey's beer reputation was about to be put to the test. A bank of 4 occupies the bar here. The options were interesting and varied and all came from within Yorkshire. We were tasked with choosing between Abbeydale Summer, Bingley Centennial, Bosun's Brew Maiden Voyage, and Wensleydale Black Dub. Being unfamiliar with Bingley Brewery, I opted for their Centennial (4.4%) whilst Amy chose a can of Brew York's Rhubarbra Streisand. All told, this combo set us back £7.20 and we stowed ourselves on a table opposite the bar. The Arch & Abbey certainly fits the established micropub aesthetic, both with its welcome and with its reliance on core values of good beer and good conversation in a cosy and comfortable environment. The pub is also dog friendly, which no doubt came as a great relief to Eric the Border Terrier and his family. Beer-wise, the Bingley offering was great. The Centennial is a showcase for the eponymous hop. This delivers delicate floral aromas and a slightly tangy aftertaste. Rye and crystal malts are used in the brew, giving a subtle, malty backbone. I do love discovering beers from breweries I know little about, particularly when the discovery happens in a pub or location that has gone previously unvisited.
This pub has the distinction of being the only premises of this name in the entire country. The name itself comes from that of a sailing ship. Recently refurbished, the pub boasts a single, square room with the bar in one corner. The toilets are to the rear. The decoration is simple but welcoming, with much marine memorabilia in evidence. The seating is simple and primarily consists of traditional wooden tables and chairs, with the addition of banquette seating under both windows. The Elsinore is the original home of the famous Whitby Goths, making it especially busy during the Goth weekends, and the pub is also popular during Whitby Folk Week. On the bar here you will find three hand pumps. These consist primarily of better known national brands. At the time of our visit, these brands were Timothy Taylor Landlord, Wainwright Gold and Black Sheep Best. Amy switched back to Diet Coke here, whilst I took the plunge on a half of Landlord (total cost £4.45) and we took a seat at a table roughly in the centre of the room. This very much feels like a locals pub. That's not to say that we weren't made welcome. We just got the impression that a lot of the customers frequent this place a lot. And why wouldn't they? It's a nice little place and exactly the sort of pub you'd expect to find in a seaside town. It helps that the beer is well kept too. The Landlord was in good condition and went down easily.
Grade II listed and featured in the 2025 edition of the Good Beer Guide, the Little Angel is one of the more historic pubs in Whitby. Built in the 19th century, the pub features an 18th century well and part of the former Whitby Castle incorporated into the structure. A well worn mounting block, used to help riders mount their horses, can still be seen at the front of the building. A three sided, central bar serves three rooms. The largest room is front and centre. A smaller lounge is to one side and a snug-like space is further back. TVs, often showing sport, can be found throughout and there is an outside beer terrace to the rear. The landlord operates his own microbrewery, Lady Luck, which provides the majority of the pub's real ale, although guests feature heavily too. The Little Angel was fairly busy when we arrived and it would soon become clear as to why. We made our way to the bar to run our eyes over the beer choices, spread as they were across 9 handpulls. One of these was dedicated to Westons Old Rosie cider, with the remaining 8 offering beer, including a trio from Lady Luck, namely Black Cat, Zombie and Kraken. Also present were Bass, Bradfield Farmers Blonde, Theakston Old Peculier, Tiny Rebel Cwtch and Theakston Light Foot. Intrigued by the offerings from the in-house brewery, Amy and I both opted for beers from Lady Luck. I went for the Zombie (4%) whilst Amy went for the Kraken. We clutched our respective halves (£5.00 in total) and retreated to a table in the snug. What a pub this is. From the moment we entered, we felt at home. The atmosphere was relaxed and, despite the amount of customers, nobody seemed uncomfortable or out of place. It's not difficult to see why the Little Angel is so highly regarded. Especially when beer quality comes up. The Lady Luck beers are excellent. The Zombie is blonde ale, hopped with Huell Melon. This produces citrusy and fruity notes, with a crisp, clean finish. It's really no surprise that the Little Angel was voted CAMRA local Pub of the Year for three consecutive years. Thus far, this had been my favourite pub, but we still had plenty more to go. If the pubs and beers to come were going to be as good as the Zombie at the Little Angel, then we would be in safe hands. No pressure.
This regular Good Beer Guide entry (including for 2025) is now owned by Stonegate and is nicknamed 'Platform 3' due to its proximity to the railway station over the road. The Station Inn was a previous winner of Cleveland Pub of the Year (2011) and Pub of the Season for Spring 2010. The layout is multi-roomed. The front entrance leads into the main bar. Opposite this is a snug. Seating is arranged around the bar, in the form of high stools and drinking ledges but there is also a preponderance of traditional seating throughout, along with more comfortable furnishings in the snug. A larger area to the rear is often used for dining but drinkers are equally welcome. Amongst the various bar offerings are 8 handpulls, 4 of which were in use during our visit. The choice was certainly less varied than expected, with the available beers being Courage Directors, Timothy Taylor Landlord, Wainwright Gold and Theakston Best. Happily, I've got a soft spot for Directors so went for a half of that. Amy selected Diet Coke and we also bought a bag of crisps. Our total round came to £5.45. We just about managed to find some spare stools and perched on these a short distance from the bar. The Station Inn was very busy at this time, and filled with clientele that seemed to a bit of a spillover from the Spoons down the street. Their beer garden was filled to bursting when we past it so that logically explained it. The Directors was well kept but, to tell the truth, I was disappointed. My last visit here had revealed this place to me as some kind of real ale haven. This time I was confronted with generic beer choice. Admittedly, the pub do tend to have more ales, and a wider range, available in busier seasons but you would expect this to have included one of the hottest weekends of the year so far. Wouldn't you? It was also here that we began to notice a peculiar trend. We overheard a gentleman at the bar talking to a member of staff and explaining that he'd come over on the train from Middlesbrough and was hoping to find a vacant room somewhere. He clearly hadn't planned ahead, as evidenced by the fact that his only belongings seemed to be his phone, some tobacco and a can of deodorant. We would continue to randomly encounter Middlesbrough natives throughout the remainder of the day. At the time it seemed odd until you realise that Middlesbrough is only about 20 miles or so from Whitby.
Yet another micropub, and the first to be opened in Whitby, the Good Beer Guide listed 2025 Waiting Room is located directly on the platform used by the steam trains that serve the North York Moors Railway. This is a micropub in its truest form, focusing on cask ale and virtually nothing else. The ownership recently changed hands and it is now run by the same team behind the Arch & Abbey. As well as adhering to the micropub ethos, it also very much fits in with the 'micro' side of things. The entire interior of the pub is only six yards square. In keeping with its location, much of the theme is of a railway and locomotive variety. The small bar is tucked into one corner with the remainder of the space given over to tables and chairs. The pub's location and name has allegedly, and perhaps apocryphally, bemused many a foreign tourist who have subsequently dumped their luggage inside and disappeared for the day. Our arrival here had been fortuitously timed. Whilst the pub was busy, there was still a table available, which we quickly claimed right before a decent sized group came in. Result! It was now time to peruse the beer options. There are 6 handpulls here and they were all occupied, with a choice between Bosun's Brew King Neptune, Abbeydale Through the Hopback Citra, 3 Brewers of St. Albans Special, Abbeydale Daily Bread, Linfit Blackmoorfoot and Abbeydale Voyager. Amy immediately decided on the Voyager whilst I eventually went for the King Neptune (4.3%) from Bosun's Brew, based in Wetherby (total cost £4.95). This is a light, golden beer with grapefruit, fruit and citrus in the profile. The body is medium and it drinks very easily indeed. Gorgeous! So far the micropubs of Whitby had been decent. This was definitely the busiest, and had the added advantage of the barman's two very tired, but friendly, dogs chilling out next to the bar and trying to stay cool. A bonus disadvantage was a non-paying customer who got very upset indeed when the barman recommended that she use the public toilets over the road instead of the one in the pub. I suspect that she didn't want to pay to pee.
Dating from the 1600s, The Black Horse is a Grade II listed, three storey building, recognised for having an historically important interior. Upon approaching the door, the doorman on duty (the only one we encountered all day) asked us if it was just the two of us. We confirmed that it was and made our way inside. This is a very intimate, two bar pub. The front bar almost resembles a shop style setup with old panelling, fittings and bench seating dating back to a Victorian era refurbishment. A hatch behind this was likely the old off-sales hatch. A corridor from the front bar leads to the vaults at the rear, with another bar, bench seating and a slightly raised area. The toilets are also in this section. Bric-a-brac and equine themed memorabilia are located throughout. The leaded windows, the product of a 1986 refit, were installed by Tetley, who once owned the pub and designated it one of their heritage inns. As well as the front entrance, there is a second entrance to the side of the pub, accessed down an alleyway. The reason for the doorman's question would soon become clear. Due to the pub's small size, they do not allow groups as there physically isn't the space to accommodate them. The doorman tried in vain to explain this to a group of Middlesbrough supporters who had taken up residence in the rear bar area. Speaking of the bar, let's get to it. 6 handpulls are present here. At the time of our visit, 4 of them were in use, offering Adnams Southwold Bitter, Kirkstall Three Swords, Theakston x Hairy Bikers Triple Hop and Black Dog Rhatas, On this occasion, I went for the Three Swords, with a half of that and a Diet Coke for Amy coming to £4.95. We retreated from the bar and managed to get a table towards the rear, near the toilets. The Black Horse had surprised me. I hadn't expected it to be so traditional and historic inside. It's beer reputation had attracted me to begin with and this proved to be as good as I'd hoped. They keep a cracking drop of Three Swords. For all the pub's cosy, jovial atmosphere, you do get a sense that something else lurks under the surface. Before becoming an inn, The Black Horse spent time both as a funeral directors and as a brothel, although you'd like to think that these weren't going on at the same time. The ghost of a small girl has been sighted at the top of the stairs on several occasions. Who she is or why she is here is unknown but you would hope that she has no connection to either of the pub's previous incarnations.
Opened in 2016 by two brothers, the Green Dragon operates primarily as a bottleshop but also sells real ale and craft beer on draft. There are two doors. The right hand one leads directly into the bar area, whilst the left leads into an area of additional seating. The two areas are linked by a doorway. The bar is nestled at the back of the right hand room, with the left hand side hosting the craft beer fridges. Amongst the 12 craft lines are two lines that are permanently used for imperial stouts. 4 handpulls are also present. The decoration is pump clips, quirky artefacts and branded merch. The soundtrack is rock and metal. This place is bloody great! I was instantly hooked before I'd even properly taken in what beer was available. Once I'd cleared my head and focused, it revealed the following: one of the 4 handpulls houses cider, on this occasion Pulp Mango & Lime. The other 3 lines are all real ale: Brew York Duality, Green Dragon Whitby Stout and Green Dragon Best on this occasion. I wasn't about to pass up Brew York on cask. At 4.6%, Duality is a pale ale hopped with Citra and Strata. It's hazy, hoppy, fruity and bloody delicious! This wouldn't be the last time I'd have said beer during our time away. A half of that, and a third of craft for Amy amounted to £4.60 and we took our drinks into the other room to enjoy them. I hadn't expected the Green Dragon to be such a standout. It's a gem of a place. The beer was superb, the ambience is great and the music is wonderful. We were very much finishing our first day in Whitby on a high. Leaving the Green Dragon almost felt like committing a cardinal sin, like stealing someone's chips or shouting at a puppy. It's honestly a fantastic place. Understated in its brilliance.
No comments:
Post a Comment